Transport Layer
It is first layer that deals with both software and hardware. The data flow is controlled through this layer. It transport the data from one system to another system. This layer is also responsible for re transmit/correction of data that is lost over the network. If data is lost over a network,this layer is responsible for re-transmit the data.
Transport layer is work over internet not within the company.For example Exchange sever is the application of MS that give utility to user to send an email within the network without internet.Two basic protocol used to transferring the data in this layer.One is UDP and second is TCP. We summarize these two protocol here,
UDP:UDP stands for User Datagram Protocol. In this protocol acknowledgement or confirmation does not come back, that why it is connection less and unreliable. The only reason for using this protocol is that it boost the data speed in the network.The most common example is telephone call or voice transmission.
TCP: TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol, as the name it control transmission over the network. An acknowledgement came back in this protocol. It is connection oriented and more reliable but this reliability pay price in way it slowdown the network. The most common example of TCP is messages,mail etc. When we send an email TCP start its work and acknowledgement comes back as Mail sent or delivered or sending Failed etc.
Delay: One more thing we describe here is TCP delay time. Time the acknowledgement come back is delay. For example if we send a message or mail the acknowledgement come back after 10 second. Here 10 second is delay.
Transport Layer Function:
Transport layer divided the message into smaller parts called segment so it can flow more efficiently. It also provide re assembling the packet at destination.This layer also responsible for keep the data in correct order. Following are few function
Addressing:Transport layer include header on every packet which contain port address of destination computer. This port address helps to find exactly the right computer in network.
Segmentation:When Transport layer divided the message into smaller part it also contain a number of sequence with it. For example if transport layer divided a data into 10 segment then it is responsible to attach each segment sequence number like 1,2, until sequence number 10 linked to segment.
Assembling:At destination computer each segment keep in order with help of sequence number to assemble again in require form. As for last example it will keep order 1 first then 2 until 10 reach and assemble.
Flow Control:This layer responsible for flow control from source to destination (sender to receiver).
Connection Handling:This handling works in two ways first it delivered packet independently to transport layer on destination computer. Second way is made connection with transport layer and after connection is build deliver packet at destination computer.
Error Handling:This layer is also have a function that handle errors. This mean it responsible for delivering data completely source to destination without error. If error is occurred during transmission or if some packet is missing a re-transmission is performed with help of TCP.
Transport layer is work over internet not within the company.For example Exchange sever is the application of MS that give utility to user to send an email within the network without internet.Two basic protocol used to transferring the data in this layer.One is UDP and second is TCP. We summarize these two protocol here,
UDP:UDP stands for User Datagram Protocol. In this protocol acknowledgement or confirmation does not come back, that why it is connection less and unreliable. The only reason for using this protocol is that it boost the data speed in the network.The most common example is telephone call or voice transmission.
TCP: TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol, as the name it control transmission over the network. An acknowledgement came back in this protocol. It is connection oriented and more reliable but this reliability pay price in way it slowdown the network. The most common example of TCP is messages,mail etc. When we send an email TCP start its work and acknowledgement comes back as Mail sent or delivered or sending Failed etc.
Delay: One more thing we describe here is TCP delay time. Time the acknowledgement come back is delay. For example if we send a message or mail the acknowledgement come back after 10 second. Here 10 second is delay.
Transport Layer Function:
Transport layer divided the message into smaller parts called segment so it can flow more efficiently. It also provide re assembling the packet at destination.This layer also responsible for keep the data in correct order. Following are few function
Addressing:Transport layer include header on every packet which contain port address of destination computer. This port address helps to find exactly the right computer in network.
Segmentation:When Transport layer divided the message into smaller part it also contain a number of sequence with it. For example if transport layer divided a data into 10 segment then it is responsible to attach each segment sequence number like 1,2, until sequence number 10 linked to segment.
Assembling:At destination computer each segment keep in order with help of sequence number to assemble again in require form. As for last example it will keep order 1 first then 2 until 10 reach and assemble.
Flow Control:This layer responsible for flow control from source to destination (sender to receiver).
Connection Handling:This handling works in two ways first it delivered packet independently to transport layer on destination computer. Second way is made connection with transport layer and after connection is build deliver packet at destination computer.
Error Handling:This layer is also have a function that handle errors. This mean it responsible for delivering data completely source to destination without error. If error is occurred during transmission or if some packet is missing a re-transmission is performed with help of TCP.
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